900000000000490003: Description inactivation indicator attribute value reference set (foundation metadata concept)

SNOMED CT Concept\SNOMED CT Model Component\Foundation metadata concept (foundation metadata concept)\Reference set\Attribute value type\Description inactivation indicator reference set

Status: current, Not sufficiently defined by necessary conditions definition status (core metadata concept). Date: 31-Jan 2002. Module: SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)

Descriptions:

Expanded Value Set

Outbound Relationships	Type	Target	Active	Characteristic	Refinability	Group	Values
Description inactivation indicator reference set	Is a	Attribute value type	true	Inferred relationship	Some

Members	valueId
A malignant tumour of the prostate with an early onset. Is either asymptomatic or causes symptoms on micturition, erectile dysfunction, bone pain, venous compression and infectious or inflammatory syndrome (for the metastatic forms). It is also characterised by familial antecedents.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A manipulation done by a physiatrist	Grammatical description error (foundation metadata concept)
A manipulation done by an osteopath	Erroneous component (foundation metadata concept)
A manipulation done by an osteopath.	Erroneous component (foundation metadata concept)
A mass	Concept non-current
A medical or surgical process in which an organ, tissue, or cells from one individual (the donor, which may be from the patient or from another individual) are moved and implanted into a recipient individual.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A method of administration of a dose form by a parenteral route.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A method of administration of a dose form by dispensing.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A method of administration of a liquid dose form by introducing it into the circulatory system or into a body cavity.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A method of external massage of the uterus to promote delivery of the placenta	Erroneous component (foundation metadata concept)
A microdeletion syndrome resulting from a partial deletion of the chromosome X. The phenotype is highly variable (depending on length of deletion), but main manifestations include X linked ichthyosis, mild-moderate intellectual deficit, Kallmann syndrome, short stature, chondrodysplasia punctata and ocular albinism. Epilepsy, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism and difficulties with social communication can be associated.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mid-life onset distal myopathy with characteristics of tibialis anterior weakness and progressive respiratory muscle involvement present from the onset of the disease. It has been described in three generations of a family (11 patients). Transmission is autosomal dominant and an anticipation phenomenon is suspected. No genes have yet been identified.	Concept non-current
A mid-to-late diastolic murmur heard best at the cardiac apex, heard in cases of aortic insufficiency	Grammatical description error (foundation metadata concept)
A mild form of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, with characteristics of distal legs sensory loss and weakness that can be asymmetric. Tendon reflexes are reduced in the knees and absent in ankles. Progression is slow.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mild form of familial adenomatous polyposis with main features described as the presence of fewer than 100 adenomatous polyposis, a more proximal colonic location, a delayed age of colorectal cancer onset and a more limited expression of the extracolonic features.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mild form of familial primary hypomagnesaemia characterised by extreme weakness, tetany and convulsions. Secondary disturbances in calcium excretion are observed. Only one large pedigree with 18 affected individuals has been reported in the literature. Caused by mutations in the FXYD2 gene (11q23; mutation p.Gly41Arg) which encodes the gamma subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase, localised on the basolateral membranes of nephron epithelial cells and expressed in the distal convoluted tubule. Transmission is autosomal dominant.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mild form of familial primary hypomagnesemia characterized by extreme weakness, tetany and convulsions. Secondary disturbances in calcium excretion are observed. Only one large pedigree with 18 affected individuals has been reported in the literature. Caused by mutations in the FXYD2 gene (11q23; mutation p.Gly41Arg) which encodes the gamma subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase, localized on the basolateral membranes of nephron epithelial cells and expressed in the distal convoluted tubule. Transmission is autosomal dominant.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mild form of limb girdle muscular dystrophy that has characteristics of limb-girdle weakness, marked proximal amyotrophy and abolished myotatic reflexes, associated with progressive fingers and toes flexion limitation.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mild form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with characteristics of muscle weakness in the four limbs, mild scapular winging, severe atrophy of the quadriceps and anterior tibialis muscles, calf hypertrophy and lack of respiratory and cardiac involvement.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mild localised form of skeletal dysplasia characterised by delayed, irregular ossification of femoral capital epiphysis. Clinical manifestations may include a waddling gait, genu valgum, hip pain and restricted movement, although these manifestations are usually transient and the majority of patients are asymptomatic.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mild localized form of skeletal dysplasia characterized by delayed, irregular ossification of femoral capital epiphysis. Clinical manifestations may include a waddling gait, genu valgum, hip pain and restricted movement, although these manifestations are usually transient and the majority of patients are asymptomatic.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mild to severe congenital X-linked developmental disorder with hydrocephalus of varying degrees of severity, intellectual deficit, spasticity of the legs, and adducted thumbs. Primarily affects males. Affected males have varying degrees of hydrocephalus ranging from subclinical to severe. Intellectual deficit ranges from mild to severe. Adducted thumbs are a characteristic feature of the syndrome, present in about 50% of cases. Caused by mutations in the L1CAM gene (Xq28) encoding the L1 cell adhesion molecule that is expressed mainly in the developing nervous system. Inherited in an X-linked manner.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A minor trait of the lip transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. It has been described through several generations from three families in Japan. In all cases the nodule was asymptomatic and strictly isolated.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A minor variant of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis with manifestation of a collodion membrane at birth that heals within the first weeks of life. The exact prevalence is unknown. Approximately 25 cases have been reported in the literature. After the shedding of the membrane, patients present with mild scaling. Caused by mutations in the TGM1, ALOXE3 or ALOX12B genes encoding respectively transglutaminase 1, involved in the cornification of the stratum corneum, and arachidonate 3 and 12(R) lipoxygenases involved in lipid metabolism. Transmission is autosomal recessive.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mitochondrial disease described in two unrelated families to date that has a heterogeneous clinical presentation. The syndrome features the association of progressive sensorineural hearing loss with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in the majority of cases, encephalomyopathy symptoms such as ataxia, slurred speech, progressive external ophthalmoparesis, muscle weakness, myalgia and exercise intolerance.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis resulting in deficiency of respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the cardiac and skeletal muscle and brain. The disease has characteristics of severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypoplasia, muscle weakness and neurological involvement. Caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the AARS2 gene on chromosome 6p21.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mitochondrial disease with characteristics of cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness and lactic acidosis after exercise. May present in two forms, a neonatal lethal form or a chronic form. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is diagnosed at birth in half of the patients in both forms. Approximately half of the patients die within the first year of life due to cardiac failure. Nystagmus, strabismus, hypotonia, hyporeflexia and delayed motor development are occasional features. Those who survive the neonatal period and infancy manifest the chronic form with stable cardiomyopathy and myopathy and have a normal intellect. Physical mobility is impaired due to muscular weakness in most patients. In the majority of cases, mutations (nonsense, frame-shift, start codon or splice site) in the AGK gene have been identified. The reported mutations are transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mitochondrial disease, a French Canadian form of Leigh syndrome, with characteristics of chronic metabolic acidosis, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism and delayed development. It was first described in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (Quebec, Canada) in this region the prevalence of the gene mutation underlying the disorder is estimated to be 1/23 inhabitants and may be due to a founder effect. There are 3 forms of the disease corresponding to varying degrees of severity: a neonatal form, a classic form and a so-called survivor form. Survivor form describes those who have survived several episodes, cross a critical threshold and show less severe symptoms. Caused by two types of mutations in the LRPPRC gene (2p21). The disease follows a monogenic autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with characteristics of myoclonic seizures. Patients usually present during adolescence or early adulthood with myoclonic epilepsy, sometimes with neurosensory deafness, optic atrophy, short stature or peripheral neuropathy. The disease is progressive with worsening of the epilepsy and onset of additional symptoms including ataxia, deafness, muscle weakness, and dementia. Caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder characterised by hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia with seizures, and in one case fulminant hepatic failure. Less than 10 cases have been reported to date. The disease can present in infancy or early childhood. It presents with the manifestations of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia with vomiting, lethargy and seizures. Complications include coma and sudden death. It has responded well to diazoxide. It is caused by a mutation in the HADH gene (4q22-q26) encoding the SCHAD protein that has a dual function both as an enzyme and an inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder characterized by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with seizures, and in one case fulminant hepatic failure. Less than 10 cases have been reported to date. The disease can present in infancy or early childhood. It presents with the manifestations of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with vomiting, lethargy and seizures. Complications include coma and sudden death. It has responded well to diazoxide. It is caused by a mutation in the HADH gene (4q22-q26) encoding the SCHAD protein that has a dual function both as an enzyme and an inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase. The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mixed autoinflammatory and autoimmune syndrome disorder with characteristics of recurrent neutrophilic blistering skin lesions, arthralgia, ocular inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, absence of autoantibodies, and mild immunodeficiency manifested by recurrent sinopulmonary infections and deficiency of circulating antibodies. Inflammatory phenotype is not provoked by cold temperatures. Caused by heterozygous mutation in the PLCG2 gene on chromosome 16q.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mixed neuronal-glial tumor representing a histological spectrum of the same tumor. They are usually supratentorially located, large, cystic masses with a peripheral solid component, characterized by prominent desmoplastic stroma and pleomorphic populations of neoplastic cells with either astrocytic or ganglionic differentiation and poorly differentiated cells in variable proportions. They usually present in the first 18 months of age with rapid head growth, bulging anterior fontanel and bone structures over the tumor, signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, papilledema), focal neurological signs and sometimes seizures.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A mixed neuronal-glial tumour representing a histological spectrum of the same tumour. They are usually supratentorially located, large, cystic masses with a peripheral solid component, characterised by prominent desmoplastic stroma and pleomorphic populations of neoplastic cells with either astrocytic or ganglionic differentiation and poorly differentiated cells in variable proportions. They usually present in the first 18 months of age with rapid head growth, bulging anterior fontanel and bone structures over the tumour, signs of raised intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, papilloedema), focal neurological signs and sometimes seizures.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A moderate neonatal form of nemaline myopathy with characteristics of facial and skeletal muscle weakness and mild respiratory involvement. Disease onset is in the neonatal period. Patients have a long face, a high-arched palate and a tented upper lip. Skeletal anomalies may include kyphoscoliosis, pectus carinatum and pes cavus. In the first year of life, hypotonia and facial weakness are present and often contribute to failure to thrive and delayed motor development. Anti-gravity movements are present and respiratory muscle involvement is frequent. Nocturnal hypoxia and hypercarbia and lower respiratory tract infections are common manifestations. Joint hypermobility can be observed. In a minority of children weakness is more distal. Progression is very slow or absent and most patients are able to live an independent active life. The disease is caused by mutations of the ACTA1 (1q42.13), NEB (2q22) or TPM2 (9p13) genes, and disease transmission can be autosomal recessive or dominant.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A monogenic disease with epilepsy characterised by developmental delay and infantile spasms in the first months of life, followed by chorea and generalised dystonia and progressing to quadriplegic dyskinesia, recurrent status dystonicus, intractable focal epilepsy and severe intellectual disability. Caused by mutation in the aristaless-related homeobox gene (ARX) on chromosome Xp21.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A monogenic disease with epilepsy characterized by developmental delay and infantile spasms in the first months of life, followed by chorea and generalized dystonia and progressing to quadriplegic dyskinesia, recurrent status dystonicus, intractable focal epilepsy and severe intellectual disability. Caused by mutation in the aristaless-related homeobox gene (ARX) on chromosome Xp21.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A motor sensory axonal form of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Patients present with muscle weakness and sensory deficits, similar to that of the more frequent demyelinating form of Guillain-Barré syndrome. As in other types of Guillain-Barré syndrome, an infectious disease precedes the onset of limb weakness in the majority of cases. Although the exact pathological mechanism is poorly understood the disease is associated with the presence of antiganglioside antibodies and may be caused by antibody-mediated primary axonal degeneration or antibody-mediated inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A movement disorder with manifestation of episodes of involuntary tremor of the chin and lower lip. The disorder has been described in less than 25 families from Europe and the USA, with a slight male preponderance. Onset usually occurs in childhood and may be precipitated by stress and emotion. Episodes may occur during sleep. There are no associated neurological abnormalities. Spontaneous improvement with age is possible. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterised by borderline to severe intellectual disability, speech delay, short stature, elevated body mass index, a pattern of truncal obesity (reported in older males) and variable neurologic features (e.g. hypotonia, tremors, gait disturbances, behavioural problems and seizure disorders). Less common manifestations include microcephaly, microorchidism and/or microphallus. Dysmorphic features have been reported in some patients but no consistent pattern has been noted.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterised by moderate postnatal overgrowth, macrocephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism (including high forehead and anterior hairline, downslanting palpebral fissures, prominent chin), developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Additional variable manifestations include unusual behaviour, with or without autistic traits, as well as ocular (e.g. strabismus, nystagmus, optic disc pallor/hypoplasia), gastrointestinal (e.g. vomiting, chronic diarrhoea, constipation), musculoskeletal (e.g. scoliosis and pectus excavatum), hand/foot (e.g. long, tapered fingers) and central nervous system (e.g. slightly enlarged ventricles) anomalies. The disease is caused by heterozygous mutation in the NFIX gene on chromosome 19p13.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by borderline to severe intellectual disability, speech delay, short stature, elevated body mass index, a pattern of truncal obesity (reported in older males) and variable neurologic features (e.g. hypotonia, tremors, gait disturbances, behavioral problems and seizure disorders). Less common manifestations include microcephaly, microorchidism and/or microphallus. Dysmorphic features have been reported in some patients but no consistent pattern has been noted.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome characterized by moderate postnatal overgrowth, macrocephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism (including high forehead and anterior hairline, downslanting palpebral fissures, prominent chin), developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Additional variable manifestations include unusual behavior, with or without autistic traits, as well as ocular (e.g. strabismus, nystagmus, optic disc pallor/hypoplasia), gastrointestinal (e.g. vomiting, chronic diarrhea, constipation), musculoskeletal (e.g. scoliosis and pectus excavatum), hand/foot (e.g. long, tapered fingers) and central nervous system (e.g. slightly enlarged ventricles) anomalies. The disease is caused by heterozygous mutation in the NFIX gene on chromosome 19p13.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome described in a father and son with the association of cleft palate, peculiar facies (asymmetrical appearance, inner epicanthal folds, short nose, anteverted nostrils, low and back-oriented ears, thin upper lip and micrognathism), short stature, short neck , vertebral anomalies and intellectual disability. The transmission is presumed to be autosomal dominant. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1993.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome described in two sisters and with the presence of hydrocephalus (onset in infancy), tall stature, joint laxity, and thoracolumbar kyphosis. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1989.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome reported in the offsprings of a consanguineous couple with characteristics of multiple congenital skeletal, muscular, ocular and cardiac abnormalities. An autosomal recessive inheritance with variable expressivity was suspected. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1992.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome with characteristics of cerebral, ocular, dental, auricular and skeletal anomalies. To date, three affected children (an unrelated Canadian girl and boy of Mennonite descent, and a girl from Brazil) have been reported. Characteristic features consist of psychomotor delay, cataracts, abnormally shaped teeth (including enamel projections extending from the tips of the cusps), delayed tooth eruption, malformed ears (over folded and crumpled ears), sensorineural hearing loss, short stature with marked epiphyseal dysplasia and an unusual facial phenotype.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome with characteristics of moderate-to-severe intellectual disability, decreased muscle mass, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism (prominent ears, midfacial hypoplasia, small mouth and cleft palate), clinodactyly of the fingers, delayed osseous maturation and general bone hypoplasia. The syndrome has been described in a brother and sister and an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance has been suggested. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1977.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome with characteristics of poliosis, distinct facial features (epicanthal folds, hypertelorism, posterior rotation of ears, prominent philtrum, high-arched palate) and congenital anomalies/malformations of the eye (blue sclera), cardiopulmonary (atrial septal defect, prominent thoracic and abdominal veins) and skeletal (clinodactyly, syndactyly of the fingers and second and third toes) systems. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1980.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome with characteristics of wormian bones, dextrocardia and short stature due to a growth hormone deficiency. Additional manifestations that have been reported include brachycamptodactyly, kidney hypoplasia, bilateral cryptorchidism, midshaft hypospadias, imperforate anus/anorectal agenesis, body asymmetry, mild developmental delay, hemimegalencephaly and facial dysmorphism, such as hypotelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, low-set and posteriorly angulated ears, depressed nasal bridge and microstomia.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome with manifestations of cleft palate, ocular coloboma, hypospadias, mixed conductive-sensorineural hearing loss, short stature and radio-ulnar synostosis. To date, 4 cases have been described in the literature. These manifestations overlap with those of CHARGE syndrome, however, in contrast to CHARGE syndrome, patients with Abruzzo-Erikson syndrome do not show intellectual disability, choanal atresia or genital hypoplasia. Inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, with a carrier female having a 50% chance of transmitting the mutation to her offspring.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome, described in one family to date, with characteristics of branchial cysts or fistula, ear malformations, congenital hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural, and mixed), internal auditory canal hypoplasia, strabismus, trismus, abnormal fifth fingers, vitiliginous lesions, short stature and mild learning disability. Renal and urethral abnormalities are absent.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies syndrome. Approximately 38 patients have been reported in literature since the first description in 1947. Patients have a short stature and a typical facies. Scalp hair may be primarily present but disappears after the first months of life leading to complete or partial alopecia. Eyebrows and/or eyelashes are sparse. Primary and permanent teeth are formed but fail to erupt. Ocular manifestations may include progressive optic atrophy, glaucoma and strabismus. Otorhinolaryngologic features include choanal atresia and deafness. Patients have a mild intellectual deficit. Some patients have also been reported with umbilical hernia, hyperextensible joints, osseous anomalies and cutaneous manifestations. Homozygous nonsense or splicing mutations in the ANTXR1 gene, encoding anthrax toxin receptor 1 cause GAPO Syndrome.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies, intellectual disability syndrome with characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, mild to profound intellectual disability and seizures. About 50 cases have been reported to date. Caused by mutations in the TBC1D24 gene (16p13.3) encoding a protein involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking. Inherited autosomal recessively.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic intellectual disability syndrome with characteristics of feeding problems, growth retardation, microcephaly, developmental delay, digital and vertebral anomalies, joint laxity/dislocation, cardiac and renal defects and dysmorphic facial features (including plagiocephaly, prominent forehead, bitemporal narrowing, bilateral coloboma, epicanthal folds, malformations of the outer and middle ear, wide nasal bridge, anteverted nares, prominent and bulbous nose tip, long philtrum, thin lips, high and narrow palate, micrognathia with prognathism/retrognathism, full cheeks, and short broad neck). Additional variable manifestations include obstructive apnea, recurrent pneumonia and seizures.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic intellectual disability syndrome with characteristics of feeding problems, growth retardation, microcephaly, developmental delay, digital and vertebral anomalies, joint laxity/dislocation, cardiac and renal defects and dysmorphic facial features (including plagiocephaly, prominent forehead, bitemporal narrowing, bilateral coloboma, epicanthal folds, malformations of the outer and middle ear, wide nasal bridge, anteverted nares, prominent and bulbous nose tip, long philtrum, thin lips, high and narrow palate, micrognathia with prognathism/retrognathism, full cheeks, and short broad neck). Additional variable manifestations include obstructive apnoea, recurrent pneumonia and seizures.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of a progressively coarse acromegaloid-like facial appearance, thickening of the lips and intraoral mucosa, large and doughy hands and, in some cases, developmental delay. The syndrome appears to be part of a phenotypic spectrum that includes hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, Cantu type and hypertrichosis-acromegaloid facial appearance syndrome.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of intellectual disability, postaxial polydactyly, phalangeal hypoplasia, 2-3 toe syndactyly, uncombable hair and facial dysmorphism (including frontal bossing, hypotelorism, narrow palpebral fissures, nasal bridge and lips, prominent nasal root, large abnormal ears with prominent antihelix, poorly folded helix, underdeveloped lobule and antitragus, and micrognathia evolving into prognathism). Cryptorchidism, conductive hearing loss and progressive thoracic kyphosis were also reported.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomalies/dysmorphic syndrome with characteristics of multiple skeletal malformations (short femora and humeri, bilateral absence of metatarsal and metacarpal bone in hands and feet, bilateral partial syndactyly of fingers and toes or oligo/polysyndactyly, deformed lumbosacral spine), congenital heart disease (truncus arteriosus), lung and urogenital malformations (bilateral bilobar lungs, horseshoe kidney, cryptorchidism), and facial malformations (bilateral cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, small, low-set ears without external meatus). It is lethal in the neonatal period. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1981.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomaly disorder with characteristics of anonychia congenita totalis and microcephaly, with normal intelligence along with some minor anomalies including single transverse palmar creases, fifth-finger clinodactyly and spaced teeth. Inheritance is likely to be autosomal recessive.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomaly syndrome described in 5 patients to date. Characteristics include flat face, hypertelorism, flat occiput, upward slanting palpebral fissures, cleft palate, micrognathia, short neck, and severe congenital heart defects, which were lethal in 3 of the 5 patients. Malrotation of the intestine, bilateral clinodactyly, bilobed tongue, short fourth metatarsals and bifid thumbs were reported in individual cases. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1997.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with characteristics of craniofacial dysmorphic features, cerebral anomalies, swallowing difficulties, cardiac defects and hypotonia. Main clinical signs include telecanthus, short palpebral fissures, small nose with anteverted nares, Pierre Robin sequence, abnormally shaped ears, redundant neck skin and features of midline structural abnormalities with agenesis of corpus callosum, laryngeal anomalies and congenital heart defects. Short hands and hypotonia may also be observed. Patients have a moderate to severe intellectual disability. There is evidence that this is a heterogeneous condition, with chromosome anomalies identified in approximately 20%, and at least two candidate genes identified: MN1 (22q12.1) which has been reported in a microdeletion and SATB2 (2q33.1), interrupted by a de novo balanced translocation in another patient.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with characteristics of sacral neural tube defects resulting in tethered cord, atrial and/or ventricular septal heart defects (that are detected in infancy), bilateral symmetrical hyperopia, rapidly progressive early childhood cataracts, bilateral aphakic glaucoma and abnormal facial features (low frontal hairline, small ears, short philtrum, prominent, widely spaced central incisors, and micrognathia). Hypotonia, growth and developmental delay, seizures and joint limitation are also reported.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with characteristics of variable combination of multiple anomalies, mainly coloboma; choanal atresia/stenosis; cranial nerve dysfunction; characteristic ear anomalies (known as the major 4 C's). The syndrome shows a variable clinical picture, even within a family, depending on the associated anomalies. In most cases, CHARGE syndrome is due to heterozygous mutations in CHD7 (8q12.2) encoding the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein. CHARGE syndrome is either sporadic or shows an autosomal dominant transmission. There is a 1-2% risk of gonadal mosaicism.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomaly/intellectual disability contiguous gene syndrome caused by partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. The most common clinical features include pre and postnatal growth retardation, psychomotor retardation, facial dysmorphism (skull deformities, hypertelorism, ptosis, coloboma, downslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge, short nose, V-shaped mouth, and small, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears).	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation contiguous gene syndrome caused by partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. The most common clinical features include pre and postnatal growth retardation, psychomotor retardation, facial dysmorphism (skull deformities, hypertelorism, ptosis, coloboma, downslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge, short nose, V-shaped mouth, and small, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears).	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple congenital developmental anomalies syndrome with characteristics of arachnodactyly of fingers and toes associated with craniofacial dysmorphism (including abnormal cranial ossification, frontal bossing, flat calvaria, shallow deformed orbits resulting in exophthalmos, midface hypoplasia and micrognathia), feeding difficulties in infancy, infantile muscular hypotonia, and developmental delay leading to intellectual disability.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple developmental anomalies syndrome with characteristics of neurological abnormalities (including megalencephaly, hypotonia, intellectual disability, abnormal EEG), dysmorphic facial features (high prominent forehead, grooved nasal tip, ptosis, ear anomalies) and acrorenal defects (such as triphalangism, broad halluces, unilateral renal agenesis). Additionally, intrauterine growth restriction, short stature and congenital heart defects may be associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1997.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple epiphyseal dysplasia with a late-childhood onset manifesting as joint pain involving hips, knees, wrists and fingers with occasional limitation of joint movements, deformity of hands, feet, and knees, scoliosis and slightly reduced adult height. Follows an autosomal recessive mode of transmission	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple malformation syndrome in which mandibulofacial dysostosis and severe limb reduction defects are associated with complex malformations of different organs and systems especially the central nervous system, urogenital tract, heart, and lungs. The mandibulofacial defect causes death by respiratory distress. Limb reduction is severe and includes shoulder and pelvis hypoplasia, phocomelia with humerus hypoplasia, absent radius and ulna, complete absence of long bones of the legs, and various hand anomalies, predominantly preaxial reduction. These infants also show facial dysmorphism and ear anomalies. The condition is a rare with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The prognosis is poor and this condition leads to death in utero or shortly after birth.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple malformation syndrome with characteristics of Hirschprung megacolon and microcephaly, hypertelorism, submucous cleft palate, short stature and learning disability. It has been described in about 10 patients, boys and girls. Some of the reported cases also had iris coloboma, hypotonia, and ptosis. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and was found to be caused by mutations in KIAA1279 on chromosome 10q21.3-q22.1.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple malformation syndrome with characteristics of atresia of the auditory canal together with ventricular septal defect, anteriorly displaced anus, mild clubfoot and intellectual deficit. It has been described only once, in two sisters.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multiple malformation syndrome with characteristics of congenital diaphragmatic abnormalities, genital defects and cardiac malformations. Less than 15 patients have been reported worldwide. Ambiguous or female external genitalia are present in individuals with 46,XY karyotype. The genital abnormalities are variable and may include a true double vagina or septate vagina, absent uterus, abnormal male gonads in the presence of normal external female genitalia or male pseudohermaphroditism with abnormal internal female genitalia. Complex cyanotic congenital heart defects, (hypoplastic right lungs, anomalous pulmonary venous return and abnormalities of the diaphragm) are frequent. One patient with rhabdomyomatous dysplasia of the lungs has been reported. Mutations in the WT1 gene have been identified in some patients with Meacham syndrome. All patients reported to date died in early childhood.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multisystem disorder characterised by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and disproportionate short stature, facial dysmorphism, T-cell immunodeficiency, and glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome. Caused by mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene (2q35), which encodes the chromatin remodelling protein hHARP (also known as the SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A-like protein 1). An autosomal recessive disorder.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multisystem disorder characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and disproportionate short stature, facial dysmorphism, T-cell immunodeficiency, and glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome. Caused by mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene (2q35), which encodes the chromatin remodeling protein hHARP (also known as the SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A-like protein 1). An autosomal recessive disorder.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multisystem disorder with characteristics of neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, renal tubular dysfunction and neonatal cholestasis with low serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. The phenotype is variable, even within the same family and cases may go undiagnosed as not all the patients present with the three cardinal features. Mutations in the VPS33B gene (15q26.1) have been found in 75% of ARC families, as well as mutations in the VIPAR gene (C14ORF133), encoding a protein that complexes with VPS33B. Most patients die within the first year of life despite supportive care for metabolic acidosis and cholestasis and those surviving longer show cirrhosis and severe developmental delay.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multisystem malformation syndrome that has been reported in about 10 patients. The clinical features include bilateral anophthalmia, abnormal nares, central nervous system anomalies, and neurodevelopmental delay. Additional features include brachycephaly and other facial anomalies. Non-facial anomalies have also been reported: postaxial polydactyly, genital hypoplasia. All cases reported so far have been sporadic, suggesting that the syndrome may be due to a new dominant mutation.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multisystemic disease characterised by the association of proximal muscle weakness with myotonia, cardiac manifestations and cataract. Patients usually present during adulthood. There are no reports of congenital or childhood onset but a rare juvenile form of the disease has been described. The disease is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner and is caused by expansion of a CCTG repeat in intron 1 of the CNBP gene (3q21).	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A multisystemic disease characterized by the association of proximal muscle weakness with myotonia, cardiac manifestations and cataract. Patients usually present during adulthood. There are no reports of congenital or childhood onset but a rare juvenile form of the disease has been described. The disease is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner and is caused by expansion of a CCTG repeat in intron 1 of the CNBP gene (3q21).	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A neurocutaneous syndrome with characteristics of congenital hypomelanotic and hypermelanotic cutaneous macules. It has been described in individuals spanning three generations of an Indian family. Some of the patients also had retarded growth and intellectual deficit.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A neurocutaneous syndrome with characteristics of severe developmental abnormalities of the nervous system and aberrant differentiation of the epidermis. It has been described so far in seven affected individuals (four boys and three girls) from two consanguineous families. Clinically, the patients display a unique constellation of clinical signs described with the acronym CEDNIK: CErebral dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis, and palmoplantar Keratoderma. It is caused by mutations in the SNAP29 gene (22q11.2) that encodes a SNARE protein involved in vesicle fusion. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A neurodegenerative disorder with progressive ataxia, motor system abnormalities, dysarthria, dysphagia and retinal degeneration leading to progressive blindness. Manifestations that present in infancy and early childhood include muscle weakness, wasting, hypotonia, poor feeding, failure to thrive and loss of motor milestones. Inherited autosomal dominantly. The prognosis depends on the age of symptom onset. An earlier onset is associated with a more severe and rapidly progressive disease.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A neurodevelopmental disorder that is diagnosed when a child presents with a Rett-like syndrome but does not fulfil all the diagnostic criteria for typical Rett syndrome. Several subvariants have been defined; the early-onset seizure type (Hanefeld), congenital variant (Rolando), the 'forme fruste' type, the late childhood regression form and the preserved speech variant (PSD or Zappella variant). Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation using the diagnostic criteria for atypical Rett originally defined by Hagberg in 1994: an atypical case must meet at least three of the six main criteria and at least five of the eleven supportive criteria.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A neurodevelopmental disorder with characteristics of global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development and delayed speech. Other variable features include macrocephaly, characteristic facial features, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, hypotonia and joint laxity. The syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with evidence the disease is caused by heterozygous mutation in the CHD3 gene on chromosome 17p13.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A neurological disorder with characteristics of moderate to severe developmental delay and intellectual disability. Additional manifestations may include hypotonia, delayed development of motor skills, delayed speech development, recurrent seizures, autism spectrum disorder, macrocephaly and unusual facial features including frontal bossing, hypertelorism and downslanting palpebral fissures. Caused by mutations in the PPP2R5D gene, which provides instructions for making B56-delta resulting in the production of an altered B56 protein. Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern however most cases of this condition result from de novo gene mutation.	Concept non-current
A neurological disorder with characteristics of moderate to severe intellectual disability that is evident in early childhood. Early manifestations include delayed development of speech and motor skills, hypotonia, developmental regression, recurrent epilepsy, hyperactivity and autism spectrum disorder. Caused by mutations in the SYNGAP1 gene preventing the production of functional SynGAP protein from one copy of the gene which results in reduced protein activity in cells. May be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner or as a new mutation in the gene.	Concept non-current
A neuromuscular disease with characteristics of progressive symmetric muscle weakness of anterior upper and posterior lower limbs. It has been described in several members of an Australian and an Italian family. The disease usually manifests during the third decade of life with thenar muscle weakness resulting in reduced grip strength. The disease is slowly progressive and generally proceeds with calf muscle weakness appearing during the fourth decade and proximal muscles becoming perceptibly affected in the fifth decade. The disease is due to mutations on the actin-binding domain of the FLNC gene that encodes filamin C, a muscle specific filamin that is also associated with myofibrillar myopathy when mutations affect other parts of the protein. The disease mechanism seems to be linked to an increased actin-binding affinity of filamin C.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A neuromuscular disorder characterised by weakness, arthrogryposis, kyphoscoliosis, short stature, cleft palate, ptosis and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia during anaesthesia. Reported exclusively in Native American Indians (Lumbee Indian population of North Carolina). Within this population, the prevalence is estimated at approximately 1:5,000. The locus has been localised to 12q13.13-14.1. The disease is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness, arthrogryposis, kyphoscoliosis, short stature, cleft palate, ptosis and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia. Reported exclusively in Native American Indians (Lumbee Indian population of North Carolina). Within this population, the prevalence is estimated at approximately 1:5,000. The locus has been localized to 12q13.13-14.1. The disease is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A new form of skeletal dysplasia with manifestations of severe short stature, facial dysmorphism and characteristic radiographic findings. To date, three cases have been described, all originating from the same family. The disease results from a missense mutation affecting the C-type lectin domain of aggrecan (AGC1 gene; chromosome 15) which regulates endochondral ossification. Transmission is autosomal recessive.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A newly described syndrome associated with a variable clinical phenotype including developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, short neck and diverse malformations. Eight cases have been reported to date. The most common facial features include eye anomalies: strabismus, deeply set eyes, and epicanthic folds and ear anomalies such as over-folded helices and low-set ears. Reported patients have deletions of variable size. The critical region for the 6p22 deletion phenotype is 2.2 Mb and encompasses 12 genes; their function is still largely unknown.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A newly described syndrome associated with facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, in particular of expressive speech, seizures and hypotonia. It has been reported in four unrelated patients. The most common facial features include microcephaly, hypertelorism and thin upper lip. An abnormal corpus callosum (agenesis, hypogenesis or slightly reduced thickness) is observed in all affected patients.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A newly described syndrome associated with facial dysmorphism, progressive growth restriction, severe intellectual deficit and absent or severely delayed speech. It has been reported in nine unrelated patients. The most common facial feature includes high or broad forehead, hypertelorism and short philtrum. Short hands and feet are frequently observed. The microdeletion critical region encompasses two candidate genes, PRKG2 and RASGEF1B, in which haploinsufficiency could participate to the phenotype.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A newly described syndrome characterised by moderate to severe developmental delay, language delay, bilateral sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss and facial dysmorphism. It has been reported in 6 patients to date. Facial dysmorphism includes brachycephaly, anteverted nares and ear malformations. Cardiac defects and abnormal behaviour characterised by auto and hetero-aggressivity and hyperactivity can be observed. This interstitial microdeletion was identified by comparative genomic hybridisation microarray and its size is variable.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A newly described syndrome characterized by moderate to severe developmental delay, language delay, bilateral sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss and facial dysmorphism. It has been reported in 6 patients to date. Facial dysmorphism includes brachycephaly, anteverted nares and ear malformations. Cardiac defects and abnormal behavior characterized by auto and hetero-aggressivity and hyperactivity can be observed. This interstitial microdeletion was identified by comparative genomic hybridization microarray and its size is variable.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A newly described variant of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Affected patients exhibit features consistent with EDS, including joint hypermobility, skin fragility and aortic dilatation. They also have periventricular heterotopia, which has characteristics of focal epilepsy usually beginning in the second decade of life. Intelligence is generally normal. Some patients also have cardiac anomalies such as patent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valves, or aneurysmal dilatation of the sinus of Valsalva. Caused by mutations in the filamin A gene (FLNA) located at locus Xq28 on the long arm of chromosome X. This suggests a novel cause of EDS. The disease is transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait.	Concept non-current
A newly discovered form of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia characterised by ineffective erythropoiesis and haemolysis that leads to severe anaemia at birth. Only 4 cases have been reported to date. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, jaundice, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and occasional dysmorphic features have also been reported. Caused by mutations in the KLF1 gene (19p13.2), encoding an erythroid transcription factor that plays a fundamental role in the expression of globin genes and also additional genes that may be involved in erythropoiesis. Inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A newly discovered form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolysis that leads to severe anemia at birth. Only 4 cases have been reported to date. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, jaundice, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and occasional dysmorphic features have also been reported. Caused by mutations in the KLF1 gene (19p13.2), encoding an erythroid transcription factor that plays a fundamental role in the expression of globin genes and also additional genes that may be involved in erythropoiesis. Inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)
A non-medical person who stays with and assists a woman before, during, or after childbirth.	Not semantically equivalent component (foundation metadata concept)
A non-sterile, urine drainage device for men that typically consists of a flexible tube attached to a condom-like sheath. The sheath is fitted over the penis to channel urine, via the tube, into a collection bag.	Concept non-current
A non-syndromic form of craniosynostosis with characteristics of the premature fusion of the metopic suture. The premature closure of the metopic suture results in deformation of the anterior portion of the calvarium and a triangular-shaped forehead. The underlying genetic cause of isolated trigonocephaly remains to be delineated. Most cases are sporadic but familial forms with apparently autosomal dominant transmission have been reported.	Outdated component (foundation metadata concept)

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Reference Sets

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Id	Description	Lang	Type	Status	Case?	Module
900000000001069012	Description inactivation indicator attribute value reference set	en	Synonym (core metadata concept)	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)
900000000001070013	Description inactivation indicator reference set	en	Synonym (core metadata concept)	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)
900000000001071012	Description inactivation indicator attribute value reference set (foundation metadata concept)	en	Fully specified name	Active	Entire term case insensitive (core metadata concept)	SNOMED CT model component module (core metadata concept)